In which scenario does most refrigerant release occur in an indirect closed system?

In an indirect closed system, most refrigerant release typically occurs at the evaporator location due to the operation of the refrigeration cycle. At the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the environment, causing it to evaporate and change from a liquid to a gas. This process is where the refrigerant is most vulnerable to leaks, as it is under varying pressure and is subject to thermal expansion and contraction as it absorbs heat.

Leakage at this point can happen due to wear and tear on components, joint failures, or vibration issues. Since the evaporator is responsible for the heat absorption that cools the space, any refrigerant release here can significantly impact the system's efficiency and operational integrity. Understanding this concept is crucial for maintaining good system health and ensuring the reliability of cooling applications in HVAC systems.